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Religiousness of young and emerging adults
Factors related to and influencing the religiousness of young and emerging adults include religious participation, peer influence, parental influence, and risky behaviors such as gambling, sexual behavior, and delinquency.
==Religious participation==
Young adulthood is a time when emerging adults question their religious beliefs and need for religious involvement. During early adulthood, people practice religion less than they did during adolescence with approximately half as frequent attendance of religious events and services. This drop in religious practice is caused by changes in young adults’ primary location of residence, decreasing interest in religion, increased religious doubts, and greater involvement in non-religious activities. Consequently, young adults adjust their beliefs and on average become more skeptical of formal or institutional religion than adults or adolescents. Changes in religious beliefs and participation are also influenced by young adults’ self perceptions and by how religion relates to their various life goals of success, growth, and achievement. As young adults grow older, their changed religious behaviors and skeptical beliefs revert toward more constant religious involvement and a more stable faith. Increasingly positive religious attitudes and more frequent religious behavior occur in adults who are thirty or more years old than in young adults in their twenties. This happens when they settle down and begin to live more stable lives, such as when they get married, graduate from college, find a stable full-time job, and start having children.〔Barry, C., & Nelson, L. J. (2008). The role of religious beliefs and practices on emerging adults' perceived competencies, perceived importance ratings, and global self-worth. International Journal Of Behavioral Development, 32(6), 509-521. doi:10.1177/0165025408095555〕
Overall, the impact of religious participation on young adults is positive. Young and emerging adults who participate in religious activities and hold religious beliefs are more likely to have a healthier and more prosperous life. They are more likely to have positive relationships with their parents, experience less psychological distress, have fewer physical health problems, and experience greater life satisfaction. In addition, they are more likely to exhibit altruistic behaviors such as volunteering at nursing homes and advocating humanitarian efforts.〔Smith, C., Snell, P., (2009). Souls in transition. Oxford University Press, New York.〕 There is also a positive correlation between regular religious practices and identity achievement during the young adult years. Higher self-perceptions of value and competency were positively correlated with the level of religious involvement, and in contrast, those who were less involved in religion reported lower self-esteem and competence. In a like manner, people with more regular religious participation reported that good morality and conservative values were more important than those who participated less in religious activities.〔Barry, C., & Nelson, L. J. (2008). The role of religious beliefs and practices on emerging adults' perceived competencies, perceived importance ratings, and global self-worth. International Journal Of Behavioral Development, 32(6), 509-521. doi:10.1177/0165025408095555〕
There are also significant gender differences that exist among young adults who participate in religious activities. Women tend to benefit more from religious practice than men, and religiosity and self-worth are more positively correlated for women than men during the young adult years. In addition, women’s identity achievement was more positively correlated with religious practice than men's identity achievement. This is because men tend to construct their identity from other achievement than from religious involvement and connection to a faith community. Adolescent men report lower levels of religious participation or association with a particular faith than adolescent women. Women also report giving religion greater importance and benefiting more from religious practices by than men do.〔Barry, C., & Nelson, L. J. (2008). The role of religious beliefs and practices on emerging adults' perceived competencies, perceived importance ratings, and global self-worth. International Journal Of Behavioral Development, 32(6), 509-521. doi:10.1177/0165025408095555〕
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